The Arctic fox is widely distributed across the Arctic regions, including tundra zones and sea ice. As an adaptation to extreme cold, it molts twice a year, and many individuals become white in winter. Its ears and snout are short and its fur is very dense; fur also grows on the soles of its feet, contributing to cold protection. It mainly preys on rodents such as lemmings, and population numbers fluctuate over several years in response to lemming abundance. Breeding occurs from spring to summer; the female gives birth to many young and the male also helps with parental care. It is currently listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.