African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Widely distributed across savannas, acacia woodlands, and moist forests south of the Sahara, it depends on water for life and frequently wallows in mud and bathes. Both males and females have well-developed horns; in males the bases of the horns join on the forehead to form a characteristic “boss.” It is primarily a grazing herbivore that eats grasses; herds number from several dozen to several hundred, and in some cases can exceed a thousand. They rest and ruminate at dawn and dusk and are preyed upon by lions, leopards, and other predators. Populations are declining and the IUCN assesses the species as Near Threatened.