The black howler (Alouatta caraya) is a howler monkey distributed in dry and deciduous forests of South America. It has an exceptionally loud vocalization; an individual’s call can be heard several kilometers away. It feeds mainly on fruit, leaves, and flowers, and has an elongated gut adapted to digest fiber-rich leaves, spending long periods resting to aid digestion. It typically lives in groups of 5–8 individuals and forms a matriarchal social structure. Males and females differ in coloration, and infants are born with golden fur. Because of its wide distribution, its conservation status is relatively low in threat and it is classified as Least Concern.