The Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) ranges from northeast Africa to the Arabian Peninsula, primarily inhabiting steep rocky mountains and cliffs up to 3,000 m in elevation. Males can weigh more than twice as much as females, and their impressive curved horns can reach about 1.2 m in length. They feed on leaves, shrubs, and flowers, require water daily, and often forage in the morning to avoid heat. They live in separate male and female groups; the breeding season is from October to December, gestation lasts about 150–165 days, and usually a single offspring is born. Populations have declined due to poaching and competition with livestock, and the species is listed as Vulnerable (IUCN Red List category II in the provided source).