Japanese serow. An endemic Japanese bovine ruminant distributed on Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. It prefers deciduous broadleaf forests and rocky areas, is usually solitary, and often maintains a territory. The body is about 1 m in length, with little sexual dimorphism; both males and females have hollow horns. It is a browser that mainly eats leaves and buds; breeding is concentrated on mating in autumn and births in spring. It was once reduced by hunting and became a conservation target; it is currently assessed as Least Concern overall, but declines in regional populations are a concern.