Nilgiri langur. A langur that inhabits forests up to about 2,500 m in elevation in southwestern India, including moist deciduous forests. It belongs to the subfamily Colobinae, which primarily eats leaves, and obtains nutrients by foregut fermentation using multiple stomach chambers to break down leaves with the help of microbes. It tends to select leaves low in fiber and tannins, and also feeds on fruit, seeds, flowers, insects, and soil. Diurnal and highly social, it typically forms single-male, multi-female groups of about 15 individuals, though group composition varies. Males are larger than females in body size: males about 80 cm and females about 60 cm; body mass is 9–15 kg for males and 10–12 kg for females; tail length about 0.7–1 m. Breeding can occur year-round; gestation lasts 140–220 days, usually producing a single infant; weaning is at about one year, and sexual maturity is reached at 3–5 years. Population declines due to habitat loss and hunting have led to its designation as Vulnerable (IUCN Red List category II).