The rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) is a caviomorph rodent that inhabits the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil and lives in groups centered around rocky areas. Body length is 20–40 cm, the tail is almost absent, and it has limbs adapted for rocky terrain and rounded hooked claws. It feeds on leaves, buds, and bark, foraging both on the ground and in trees. Gestation lasts about 75 days and usually produces 1–2 young, which begin consuming solid food early and are weaned soon. Its conservation status is Least Concern.